The stir of farmers which is going on for days, in Madhya Pradesh, though leaderless is coordinated and well executed, thanks to the social media app WhatsApp.
There have been so many violent incidents happening during the strike at various districts. On June 6, when western MP exploded where five farmers were killed in Mandsaur district in police firing while one of the injured died on Friday. Violent protests have erupted more in other districts of the state after this.
The ruling Bharatiya Janta Party and chief minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan have accused the opposition of orchestrating the violence. But the unrest roiling the region is the work of young, tech-savvy farmers coordinating their actions over WhatsApp groups.
“We have no leaders. Leaders can be intimidated or compromised,” said a farmer who participated in the unrest. “No one tells us, ‘do this’. Our friends only say ‘We are doing this’, and we decide if we want to participate.”
The implications of this were evident in MP where farmers separated by thousands of kms received messages announcing a protest from June 1.
One of the messages read “Attention, attention…We have not struck any compromise with the government,” read a WhatsApp message circulating among Madhya Pradesh’s farmers in the first week of June. “There is nothing to compromise on…our demands are clear.”
Several unions joined once the agitation began, but when the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh’s Bharat Kisan Sangh, and a smaller group called the Kisan Sena, struck a compromise deal with the government, the movement gathered steam.
“Who is the Kisan Sena to strike a compromise on behalf of MP’s farmers?” asked another WhatsApp message. “On June 10, leave your villages and crowd the cities…Bring food and a big stick.”
The protestors continued to coordinate their actions even after the agitation turned violent.
“They would message each other whenever someone was arrested,” said a senior police officer. “Then a big crowd would show up at the Thane (police station) and pressurise the police to release them.”
The administration switched off the internet in West MP on June 6.
Meenakshi Natrajan, a former Congress MP from Mandsaur, said the movement began a year ago in Kuntamba village in Ahmednagar, Maharashtra when farmers demanded the implementation of the Swaminathan report, which proposes a minimum support price that ensures a 50 percent return on farm inputs.
“Message of this resolution spread, mainly through social media, and travelled to Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan,” Natarajan said.
This message also moved along traditional farmer networks.
In May 2016, for example, Vijay Jhanvandiya and Vivekanand Mathne, activists in Maharashtra’s cotton-growing Vidarbha region organised an all-India meeting of farmer associations in Wardha, near Nagpur, where they listed the implementation of the Swaminathan report as a key farmer issue.
The meeting was just one of hundreds of similar meetings organised across India.
“Many small farmers associations attended the meeting and made connections with each other, in person and on social media,” said Kedar Sirohi, who runs the Aam Kisan Union out of Indore. “Each group by itself is small, but together we can now command upwards of 25,000 members.”
For the young farmers of Suwasra village, which witnessed some of the worst clashes between police and protesters, membership means inclusion in a particular WhatsApp group.
“We are members of the Bharat Kisan Union WhatsApp group,” said Gauri Shankar Patidar, referring to a union having a long and storied history in Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh, but has no presence in MP.
It isn’t even clear if the BKU on Patidar’s WhatsApp group is the same group popularised in the 1980s by UP farm leader Mahendra Singh Tikait. The leaders of the WhatsApp faction represent a curious caste mix — Yadavs, Vermas, Rajputs and Patidars, completely at odds with the way electoral politics in India is traditionally understood.
Now that the technology has much higher reach among Indians, which many people including the MPs and policemen are yet to understand.
They were surprised with findings that the strike being coordinated by WhatsApp groups formed by the farmers.
The social media has created a new Indian farmer, who is capable of questioning the actions and policies of government by coordinating with others by a simple message or a forward from the phone.
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