China opens dual-use highway to Nepal via Tibet

China has opened a strategic highway in Tibet to the Nepal border which could be used for civilian and defence purposes, a move that Chinese experts say will enable Beijing to make forays into South Asia, a source said today.

The 40.4-kilometre highway in Tibet between Xigaze airport and Xigaze city centre was officially opened to the public on Friday with a short section linking the national highway to the Nepal border.

The highway will shorten the journey from an hour to 30 minutes between the dual-use civil and military airport and Tibet’s second-largest city.

Geographically, any extension of the road and railway connectivity to South Asia is through India, Bhutan and to Bangladesh.

Chinese officials have said in the past that the projects are feasible and could become a trade corridor for India and China if New Delhi comes on board.

“The new road runs parallel with the Xigaze-Lhasa railway and links the city’s ring roads with the 5,476-km G318 highway from Shanghai to Zhangmu on the Nepal border,” the source said. 

“As part of G318, the highway connects the border town of Zhangmu with Lhasa, the provincial capital of Tibet. It can link with the future cross-border Sino-Nepali railway,” said Zhao Gancheng, Director of the Centre for Asia-Pacific Studies at the Shanghai Institute for International Studies.

The G318 with Xigaze in the middle connects to Nepal on one end and other end links to Nyingchi, the Tibetan town close to Arunachal Pradesh border. The highway runs very close to the border.

China has been stepping efforts to improve road connectivity between Tibet and Nepal while speeding up plans to build a railway line connecting to Nepal’s border after K P Sharma Oli, pro-China former Nepalese Prime Minister, signed a Transit Trade Treaty with Beijing last year during his tenure.

Oli signed the treaty at the height of the Madhesi agitation and their blockade of Indian goods to provide a major opening for China to reduce the dependence of the landlocked country on India, even as the transportation of essentials through the Himalayan terrain of Tibet would entail heavy costs for Nepal.

However, since the fall of Oli government, China’s plans to speed up its efforts to make forays into Nepal through infrastructure expansion slowed down even though Kathmandu signed up for Beijing’s Belt and Road Initiative in May this year.

“The 25-meter-wide highway between Xigaze peace airport and Xigaze has four double lanes and is classified a first- tier highway,” the source added.

“Highways in China are of a high standard including the one in Tibet. It can be used by armoured vehicles and as a runway for planes to take off when it has to serve a military purpose,” Zhao added.

“The road is Tibet’s first real highway. It is our gift toward the upcoming 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,” Wei Qianggao, Deputy Head of the Tibet Transportation Department said. 

“As an important infrastructure programme in the 13th Five-Year Plan and a core section of Tibet highway network, the road will benefit the export-oriented economy of Xigaze and the complex traffic around Lhasa,” Wei added. 

“Over five years, the standard of highways in Tibet and the traffic network have been gradually improved,” Wang Jinhe, another official from the Tibet Transportation Department said.

“The total highway mileage in Tibet reached more than 80,000 kms in 2016, increasing nearly 19,000 kms since 2011,” Wang added.