In 2022, over 1,500 cases were recorded nationwide under IPC section 153A, which penalizes actions promoting hostility between diverse groups, encompassing hate speech. This marked a substantial 31.25% increase from 2021 but reflected a notable 15.57% decrease from 2020, as per data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB). Uttar Pradesh led with the highest number of cases at 217, followed by Rajasthan (191), Maharashtra (178), Tamil Nadu (146), Telangana (119), Andhra Pradesh (109), and Madhya Pradesh (108). NCRB, operating under the Union Ministry of Home Affairs, annually publishes crime data collected from all states and union territories.
In 2022, nine states reported over 100 cases under IPC section 153A, a stark contrast to 2021 when only Andhra Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh surpassed the three-digit mark. In 2020, seven states, including Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh, reported over 100 cases each. Tamil Nadu had the highest count at 303 cases in 2020, according to NCRB data. Madhya Pradesh witnessed a notable increase from 38 cases in 2021 to 108 cases in 2022, nearly tripling the count. In 2020, the state had reported 73 such cases, according to official figures.
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