Gold and other heavy metals beyond iron are produced through cosmic events, specifically when two neutron stars collide. The collision of these extremely dense, dead stars not only generates high-energy gamma-ray bursts and a flash of light (kilonova) detectable across vast distances in space but also results in the formation of gravitational waves—ripples in the fabric of spacetime. This violent cosmic process mirrors the historical significance of gold, which has been a source of conflict throughout human history.
Researchers, including participants from the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics and the University of Potsdam, focused on studying the only recorded kilonova explosion, which occurred in 2017. Employing advanced software, the scientists analyzed signatures of this cosmic event, incorporating additional data from radio and X-ray observations of other stars, as well as findings from collision experiments conducted on Earth.
The team developed a model based on their study of the 2017 kilonova explosion. This model serves as a valuable tool for understanding the only known process in the universe capable of producing metals heavier than iron. Tim Dietrich, a scientist from the Max Planck Institute, highlighted the importance of the new method, stating that it enables the analysis of matter properties at extreme densities and enhances understanding of the expansion of the universe and the extent to which heavy elements are formed during neutron star mergers. The violent origins of gold and similar heavy metals contribute to the cosmic narrative, providing insights into the fundamental processes shaping our universe.
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