Everything you need to know about Air pollution and lung health

Air pollution poses a substantial threat to respiratory health, causing irritation in the airways, damage to lung tissue, and elevating the risk of various lung diseases. One of the gravest consequences is lung cancer, with approximately 7 million deaths attributed to air pollution annually, according to the World Health Organization.

Beyond lung cancer, air pollution adversely affects individuals with pre-existing lung conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Short-term exposure can trigger asthma attacks, increase susceptibility to respiratory infections, and diminish lung function.

Vulnerable populations, such as children and the elderly, are particularly at risk. Children, due to their developing lungs and higher air intake per pound of body weight, are more susceptible to pollutant absorption. Older adults, often with existing lung conditions, face an elevated risk of adverse effects.

The Hazards of Air Pollution on Lung Health include:

1. Asthma: Triggering attacks, worsening symptoms, and increasing the risk of asthma development.

2. COPD: Exacerbating symptoms, causing breathing difficulties, and elevating the risk of hospitalization and death.

3. Lung Cancer: Inducing DNA changes leading to the development of cancer cells.

4. Respiratory Infections: Heightening the risk of pneumonia and bronchitis.

5. Reduced Lung Function: Impairing lung function, posing challenges for those with existing lung diseases.

To mitigate these impacts, individuals can take simple yet effective steps such as checking air quality forecasts, avoiding strenuous activities during poor air quality days, staying away from high-pollution areas, and considering mask usage when necessary.

Lung health is integral to overall bodily function, playing crucial roles in oxygen transport, carbon dioxide removal, gas exchange, pulmonary defense, acid-base balance, and metabolism. Air pollution disrupts this intricate system, accelerating lung ageing and increasing the risk of respiratory diseases.

Early recognition of compromised lung health is vital. Symptoms like itchy throat, red or dry eyes, a runny or itchy nose, throat irritation during eating or drinking, and snoring or wheezing while sleeping require attention. Regular check-ups and prompt medical intervention can safeguard lung health, mitigating the long-term impact of air pollution on the respiratory system.