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Polycystic ovary syndrome, also called PCOS is a medical condition. In women of reproductive age, it is one of the most common endocrine complications that leads to hormonal imbalance. PCOS is characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, excess androgens and ovarian cysts. PCOS can lead to a range of symptoms including weight gain, menstrual irregularities, acne, patches of thickened dark skin, hair growth and fertility issues.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can be influenced by a variety of factors.Here are some factors that might increase the risk of PCOS:

1. Insulin resistance

Insulin resistance occurs when cells in your body don’t respond well to insulin and cannot easily take up glucose from the bloodstream. This leads to high insulin levels, which can disrupt ovarian function and contribute to PCOS. Managing insulin resistance through lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, a healthy diet low in refined carbohydrates, and, if necessary, medications like metformin, can help prevent PCOS.

2. Obesity

Obesity is strongly associated with PCOS, and excess body fat can exacerbate insulin resistance and hormonal imbalances. Maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise can help reduce the risk of PCOS.

3. Hormonal imbalances

Hormonal imbalances can disrupt ovarian function and lead to symptoms like irregular periods and infertility. Management strategies may include hormonal contraceptives to regulate menstrual cycles and anti-androgen medications to reduce symptoms like hirsutism (excess hair growth).

4. Genetics

PCOS tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic component to the disorder.

5. Sedentary lifestyle

Lack of physical activity is associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which increase the risk of PCOS. Regular exercise can improve insulin sensitivity and hormone levels, reducing the risk of developing PCOS.

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6. Poor diet

A diet high in processed foods, refined carbohydrates, and sugars can contribute to insulin resistance and obesity, increasing the risk of PCOS. Eating a balanced diet rich in whole foods, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats can help prevent PCOS.

7. Stress

Chronic stress can disrupt hormone levels and contribute to insulin resistance, potentially increasing the risk of PCOS. Managing stress through relaxation techniques such as meditation, yoga, or deep breathing exercises can be beneficial in preventing PCOS.

8. Environmental factors

Exposure to certain environmental toxins, such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals found in plastics and pesticides, may contribute to hormonal imbalances associated with PCOS. Minimising exposure to these toxins by choosing organic foods, using natural personal care products, and avoiding plastics can help reduce the risk of PCOS.

9. Sleep disorders

Poor sleep quality or insufficient sleep can disrupt hormone regulation and increase the risk of insulin resistance and obesity, which are risk factors for PCOS. Establishing a regular sleep schedule, creating a restful sleep environment, and practicing good sleep hygiene can help prevent PCOS.

10. Medical conditions

Certain medical conditions, such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, are associated with insulin resistance and can increase the risk of PCOS. Managing these conditions through lifestyle changes and appropriate medical treatment can help reduce the risk of developing PCOS.

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