Know the difference between bacterial and viral infections

Bacterial and viral infections are both common. But,  they differ significantly in terms of causes, symptoms, and treatment. Bacterial infections are caused by bacteria and can often be treated with antibiotics. Meanwhile, viral infections are caused by viruses and typically require supportive care as antibiotics are ineffective.

Bacterial infections are caused by bacteria. Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can thrive in various environments, including inside the human body. Common bacterial infections include strep throat, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and tuberculosis. Bacteria can be transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals, contaminated surfaces, or through the air.

Viral infections are caused by viruses, which are much smaller than bacteria and require a host cell to reproduce. Examples of viral infections include the common cold, influenza, and COVID-19. Viruses can spread through respiratory droplets, bodily fluids, and contaminated surfaces.

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While bacterial and viral infections can present similar symptoms, such as fever, cough, and fatigue, there are some differences. Bacterial infections often cause more localised symptoms, such as a sore throat with strep throat or pain and swelling with a bacterial skin infection. Viral infections, however, tend to cause more systemic symptoms, such as body aches, and are often accompanied by other symptoms like runny nose or congestion.

Treatment for bacterial infections typically involves antibiotics, which are designed to kill bacteria or stop them from multiplying. Viral infections, however, do not respond to antibiotics. Treatment usually focuses on relieving symptoms and supporting the immune system as it fights off the virus.

Preventing both bacterial and viral infections involves good hygiene practices, such as regular handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and cleaning and disinfecting surfaces. Vaccinations are also a key preventive measure, particularly for viral infections like influenza and measles.